MSLN is highly expressed in multiple solid tumors, such as ovarian cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer. Considering its low expression on normal mesothelial cells and high expression in cancer cells, MSLN is a promising target of CAR T therapy for solid tumors.

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an attractive target for CAR-T cell therapy, as it is highly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and several pediatric solid embryonal tumors but shows restricted expression in healthy adult tissues. According to ClinicalTrials.gov, more than 20 clinical trials have been initiated.

More than 80% of ovarian cancer is characterized by overexpression of MUC16, and the high expression of MUC16 is an important indicator for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Studies have shown that MUC16-CAR-T cells have specific killing effects on MUC16+ ovarian cancer cells in vitro.

Overexpression and amplification of HER2 is observed in 5-66% of epithelial ovarian cancer, making it an ideal target for ovarian cancer treatment. At present, HER2-specific CAR-T cell therapy has shown good therapeutic potential in the preclinical stage.